What Chemistry Is and What Chemists Do

Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and the interactions between them. This is also the definition for physics, by the way. Chemistry and physics are specializations of physical science. Chemistry tends to focus on the properties of substances and the interactions between different types of matter, particularly reactions that involve electrons. Physics tends to focus more on the nuclear part of the atom, as well as the subatomic realm. Really, they are two sides of the same coin. The formal definition of chemistry is probably what you want to use if youre asked this question on a test. Why Study Chemistry? Because understanding chemistry helps you to understand the world around you. Cooking is chemistry. Everything you can touch or taste or smell is a chemical. When you study chemistry, you come to understand a bit about how things work. Chemistry isnt secret knowledge, useless to anyone but a scientist. Its the explanation for everyday things, like why laundry detergent works better in hot water or how baking soda works or why not all pain relievers work equally well on a headache. If you know some chemistry, you can make educated choices about everyday products that you use. What Fields of Study Use Chemistry? You could use chemistry in most fields, but its commonly seen in the sciences and in medicine. Chemists, physicists, biologists, and engineers study chemistry. Doctors, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, physical therapists, and veterinarians all take chemistry courses. Science teachers study chemistry. Fire fighters and people who make fireworks learn about chemistry. So do truck drivers, plumbers, artists, hairdressers, chefs... the list is extensive. What Do Chemists Do? Whatever they want. Some chemists work in a lab, in a research environment, asking questions and testing hypotheses with experiments. Other chemists may work on a computer developing theories or models or predicting reactions. Some chemists do field work. Others contribute advice on chemistry for projects. Some chemists write. Some chemists teach. The career options are extensive. Where Can I Get Help With a Chemistry Science Fair Project? There are several sources for help. A good starting point is the Science Fair Index on this website. Another excellent resource is your local library. Also, do a search for a topic that interests you using a search engine, such as Google. Where Can I Find Out More About Chemistry? Start with the Chemistry 101 Topic Index or list of Questions Chemistry Students Ask. Check out your local library. Ask people about the chemistry involved in their jobs.

Do you think all of the characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’...

Do you think all of the characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’ are prejudged? (25 Marks) In ‘Of Mice and Men’ most of the characters are subjected to discrimination and prejudice. The prejudice can be seen most in the characters Lennie Small, Crooks and Curley’s Wife. Curley’s Wife was a subject of Prejudice because she was a woman. During the 1930’s a woman’s place was to be at home raising a family, also women were seen as second class citizens and property of their husbands. Before we meet Curley’s Wife, the reader already has an opinion of her because of what the character Candy calls her- â€Å"jail bait†; George calls her a â€Å"tramp†. It’s implied that she is a tart and a promiscuous woman; she craves the attention her husband doesn’t give her.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"hay† is associated with animals partially horses this could suggest that the Boss thinks of Crooks as an animal and belongs outside. Crooks don’t say much in the book, because during that time black people didn’t have a voice and would be judged on what they said. Crooks and Lennie are also similar because there outcasts, both characters are excluded from nights out with other ranch workers and games that the others play when they aren’t working. Lennie Small is one of the main characters in the book. He is mentally disabled and has the mind of a child. Lennie is a misunderstood character who has good intentions but doesn’t understand the impact of his actions. The only character Lennie has a close relationship to George, who sees him as a burden blocking the way to his American dream. An example of Lennie being misunderstood is when he and George were in Weed, he touched the girls dress because it was soft and it ripped, and then they both had to leave as Lennie was accused of attempted rape. In the book Lennie is discriminated against Crooks. Crooks takes advantage of Lennie’s lack of metal capacity, Crooks was subjected to racial hatred as the hands of white people and uses Lennie to get back at them. Crooks implies that George won’t come back and he’ll be alone. Lennie is treated differently because the other men don’t understand him as little was known

Downsizing Essay Research Paper According to a free essay sample

Downsizing Essay, Research Paper Harmonizing to a 1997 study by the American Management Association ( AMA ) , the most frequently claimed grounds for downsizing are? organisational restructuring, ? ? concern downswing, ? and? reengineering of concern processes. ? Downsizing has adversely affected 43 million occupations since 1980. Many organisations are recognizing that downsizing may non be the best solution for cut downing costs. The clip and money it takes to develop employees frequently make downsizing a uneconomical process. By altering their concern scheme, companies can happen ways to keep their work force. Many organisations are now looking for options to downsizing that let them to salvage their employees, which are now seen as big assets. Downsizing of staff is frequently undertaken when an organisation needs to rapidly better its net incomes. A company under besieging ( or claiming to be ) takes a expression at its largest disbursal typically payroll and benefits and starts cut downing. Many histories exist that depict the sad effects of worker supplanting: the dissolution of households, the loss of places, and the blow to self-pride from which the downsized neer retrieve. We will write a custom essay sample on Downsizing Essay Research Paper According to a or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some research workers go so far as to depict the downsized worker as clinically traumatized, comparing the experience of downsizing as? similar to that of other injury: decease, combat, maltreatment, force, natural calamity, offense, chemical dependance? disease and terrorist act? ( Bumbaugh 30 ) . The most well-known of these is a seven-part series published by The New York Times entitled? The Retrenchment of America. ? This series of articles ( since enlarged and published as a book with the same rubric ) was the largest set of related articles printed by the paper since it covered the Watergate dirt. Some advocates of downsizing claim that the media has distorted the statistics on the figure of people downsized, their destiny and the impact on their former workplaces. The New York Times series has particularly been attacked for excessively freely generalizing statistics. There is no uncertainty that downsizing malodor mayhem in the lives of those who lose their occupations, but c ritics claim that downsized workers find employment reasonably rapidly, and point to the statistics that show that occupations have been created at record Numberss throughout the 1990? s # 8217 ; ? . Record Numberss of occupations have been created, but U.S. Labor Department figures? show that now merely approximately 35 % of discharged full-time workers end up in every bit compensable or better paid occupations? ( Uchitelle 3 ) . Downsizing does so increase net incomes for the organisation that undertakes it, but these net incomes are ephemeral. A study by Wyatt Associates of Canadian downsized concerns found? 40 % reported that downsizing did non ensue in decreased disbursals and more than 60 % did non see higher net incomes after cutting staff? ( Estok 28 ) . These and other surveies show that at least half of all eliminated places are refilled within a twelvemonth after a major retrenchment attempt. One of our group members was the victim of retrenchment, or what the company called a? re-structuring? attempt. Bing a individual female parent of a pre-school kid, this was really hard to manage. The destiny of her kid? s life was left unknown. Fortunately, the company announced this downsizing attempt six months in progress, giving her the chance to seek for another place. At the clip she lacked higher instruction and could non happen a occupation that would pay every bit good as her old 1. Looking for an reply, she made the witting determination to break her and her girl? s lives by go oning her instruction. Looking back on it now, she is grateful that she was given the chance to travel back to college. Unfortunately, many people wear? Ts have this chance and must take whatever occupation they can happen. The negative effects of the staying employees can be about every bit serious as that of the victims. Many of these employees, still keeping a place within a downsized company, have a changeless fright of losing their occupation next. The morale will be given to chase off and an? I don? T attention? attitude will frequently put in. Staying employees may hold a difficult clip concentrating on their work because of emotional hurt. This can do a lower public presentation, which may endanger productiveness. Successful planning and innovating for the hereafter necessitate staff that is well-trained, willing to take hazards, physically healthy, and committed to an organisation. Downsizing, clip after clip, leads to exactly the opposite consequence. Organizations that think of and handle their employees as assets instead than liabilities can retain their staff, retrain them if necessary, and maintain productiveness up. Creativity and true strategic planning that includes close attending to capital costs and increased gross coevals can enable most organisations to avoid the speedy hole of downsizing. Downsizing drains an organisation of the endowment and trueness of its work force? its most cherished resource for growing and invention. ? Whoever retains organisational memory has a invaluable plus. The people who know what make an organisation perform maximally are assets non costs to be reduced? ( Piturro 37 ) . In many instances, employers lose money when they eliminate employees. Evan Schnade, representative of Patagonia, says employees are an investing. It takes a long clip before an employee is to the full trained. At Patagonia, Schnade notes that it normally takes up to a twelvemonth before an employee becomes productive. After such a long and dearly-won investing Patagonia needs to keep on to its employees. To make anything else would be bad concern. Management should follow an intelligent attack and understand the reverberations that might imply the retrenchment. ? Alternatively of following retrenchment as a short-run program for ineffective public presentation, it would be better to follow a long-run solution to better the bottom line. One could look at the options to derive cost nest eggs within the organisation. ? Introducing new merchandises, come ining new markets, and cutting costs elsewhere within the company, are some of the many alternate ways that are deserving sing? ( Rayburn 49 ) . These can bring forth the coveted result without endangering the employees? occupations. Showing employees that they are assets to the company can finally optimise their attitude, public presentation and productiveness. They need to cognize the work they do is of import and good to the whole strategy of things. Unfortunately, In the modern competitory concern scenario, many companies are pressured to do a speedy determination to cut down costs and better the bottom line. Although this is the instance, there are some of import inquiries that need to be asked before blindly falling into the retrenchment trap. Taking the clip to inquire these inquiries can salvage a batch of problem in the hereafter. ? Some of the inquiries that need to be considered to avoid any misreckonings that might hold a negative recoil are as follows: # 183 ; What mix of accomplishments do we necessitate today? # 183 ; What accomplishments are we likely to necessitate in the hereafter? # 183 ; Do we have the right figure of people employed today? # 183 ; How will these Numberss change in the hereafter? # 183 ; How make our staffing costs compare to others in our type of concern? These are hard but indispensable inquiries to see when doing headlong determinations that could hold a disturbing premonition. Research shows that downsizing is a hazardous gamble, with less than half of companies seeing betterments in productiveness? ( Maurer 12 ) . There is normally a demand for a concern program alteration and deliberate hazard schemes before leaping to what most people think is the obvious manner to cut costs. There is an array of options to downsizing that a human resources section can exert in times of force per unit area to salvage money. Many of the options rest on two of import pillars, the portion hurting and long-run linked vision. ? Share the hurting trades with an extent of following painstaking steps on even footings among the high brass every bit good as the common man working in the company without allowing unsusceptibility to anyone? ( Maurer 12 ) . ? Long term staffing options include engaging linked to vision, cross preparation, sequence planning, redisposition within Thursday vitamin E organisation, making value-added and revenue-enhancing chances, a comprehensive theoretical account, decreased hours, lower rewards, abrasion, alternate arrangement, leave of absence, employee buy-outs, and shared ownership? ( Maurer 13 ) . A brief outline explicating the virtuousnesss and liabilities of the mentioned options is listed henceforth: # 183 ; Redeployment within the organization/Alternative arrangement: Job chances should be ascertained within a company to suit people as and when a vacancy emanates. Lincoln Electric Holdings is a maker of arc-welding merchandises based in Cleveland, OH. In 1992 they were faced with losingss after spread outing in to Latin America, Russia, Europe, and Asia. Despite this, Lincoln Electric avoided firing employees. They redeployed 54 mill workers into gross revenues people. These gross revenues people earned a sum of $ 10 million in gross revenues their first twelvemonth, which helped Lincoln Electric pull out of their diminution. Roy Morrow, the manager of corporate dealingss, knows that this company? s employees are valuable. Harmonizing to Morrow, Lincoln Electric loses $ 100,000 every clip they replace an employee. At that sort of cost it # 8217 ; s foolish to lose employees unnecessarily. # 183 ; Outplacing: Organizations find employment chances for their workers with other corporations. Rhino Foods exercised this method to salvage the employment of their workers. Rhino Foods, a little company of merely 60 employees, faced operational inefficiencies, and a bead in orders during 1994. The little size of the company created an intimate feel among the employees. Searching for a manner to cut losingss without firing people, Rhino Foods? Lent? about a twelve workers to their biggest client, Ben and Jerry? s Ice Cream. The workers retained their Rhino benefits and senior status, learned new accomplishments while deriving a better apprehension of the client, and some employees even earned a higher salary. Two old ages subsequently Rhino Foods, now recovered from their losingss, recalled the employees. # 183 ; The Great Game of Business: Empowers employees by giving them a interest in the company and leting them entree to fiscal and other pertinent information. This system is employed by: making financials, puting up incentive plans that will honor their public presentation, larning to calculate fiscal consequences, larning what drives fiscal consequences, pass oning advancement with each other and sharing the wagess of good public presentation. The discoverers of this method, Springfield Remanufacturing ( SRC ) in Springfield, Missouri proved that it works. The employees of SRC have stock ownership. Each twelvemonth their stock additions in value based on the productiveness of the company. As a consequence the employees put a batch into their work. When faced with a big order cancellation, layoffs seemed high. Management responded by seting the occupations in the custodies of the employees. The employees were informed of the cancellation, and given the fiscal information about wh at and how productiveness needed to go on. In each country of the company at that place was a computing machine, accessible by any employee, in which any fiscal information sing the company was available. The employees had the Numberss and mundane they were challenged to crush them. By learning the employees to move, and think like proprietors, and step success in the same manner the fiscal universe does, SRC allowed workers to salvage their ain occupations every bit good as addition the value of their company. # 183 ; Hiring linked to vision: It refers to the thought that a company identifies the possible nowadays and future market demands and attempts to enroll skilled forces to run into demands and ends of the company instead than holding excess work force # 183 ; Cross preparation: This helps employees to spread out their on the job potency and allows them to diversify and venture into other specialised Fieldss related to their work by internal retraining. This has particular importance due to the ever-changing technological progresss. # 183 ; Succession planning: It has a particular relevancy in regard to the demands and places vacant in the upper hierarchy within the company. Alternatively of engaging outside the organisation or doing a via media by advancing an unworthy campaigner to make full the brass, uninterrupted attempt should be made to develop people in the junior places to make full their vacancies. # 183 ; Making value added and gross heightening chances: A company can spread out its concern and make new occupations by integrating and implementing new scope of merchandises and services created by people within the organisation. # 183 ; A comprehensive Model: A company portions its profit/loss with the employees working within. Better productiveness and net incomes leads to better compensation while losingss are shared proportionally. # 183 ; Reduced hours: Entire on the job hours is reduced throughout the company during tough times, depending on the market demands. # 183 ; Lower rewards: Wagess are reduced proportionally within a company alternatively of downsizing during a downswing in a market. This is a impermanent stage where everyone participates and bears the brunt harmonizing to their position within a company. # 183 ; Abrasion: Schemes like voluntary retirement can be encouraged within a company and the places vacant can be left that manner to increase net incomes alternatively of retrenchment. # 183 ; Leave of Absence: Employees can be offered leave of absence with full benefits during the crunch clip. They are promised their occupations back as and when conditions become favourable. # 183 ; Employee Buy-Outs: Employees are offered to purchase a closed down operation, which they could put up at that place ain concern. # 183 ; Shared ownership: Alternatively of merely cutting rewards, employees will merchandise salary cut for company stock. As discussed in chapter 2 of the HRM text edition: Deriving a Competitive Advantage, downsizing as an organisational factor, is a directional scheme. Its knowing usage is to derive competitory advantage. The unwilled usage of corporate restructuring leads to choice and arrangement, employee development and preparation normally within a twelvemonth of the initial attempt. All in all, downsizing achieves its end in the short-run: it improves an organisation? s net income line by cut downing its biggest disbursal. Long-run, though, the organisation suffers from mass confusion, psychic depression, and deficiency of cardinal ingredients for growing and leading: energy, trueness, creativeness, clip and teamwork. As organisations downsize, they are shed blooding their biggest plus: their workers. As put by Alan downs, writer of Corporate Executions, ? Like an anorexia of the organisation, lt ; layoffs gt ; get down consuming the concern of its fat, so it musculus, and eventually its encephalon power. Bibliography American Management Association International ( 1997 ) . ? AMA Survey: Corporate Job Creation, Job Elimination, and Downsizing. ? 1998 Available: HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol: //www.amanet.org/survey.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.amanet.org/survey.htm [ 1998, Library 16 ] Bumbaugh, M ( 1998, February ) . Traveling Beyond Survival After Downsizing. Nursing Management, 29, 30-33. Downs, A ( 1996, July/August ) . The Wages of Downsizing. Mother Jones Magazine ( 1996 ) : Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.motherjones.com/mother_jonesJA96/downs.html Estok, D. ? The High Cost of Dumbsizing. ? Maclean? s 6.3.109 ( 1996 ) : 28-29. Great Game of concern Online. 30 August 1999 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greatgame.com Hawken, P. ? Turning a Business. ? Ambrose Video Publishing vol. 7, New York. Mauer, R? Stop! Downsizing doesn? t work! ? The Canadian Manager 24.1 ( 1999 ) : 11-13 Noe, R. A. , Hollenbeck, J.R. , Gerhart, B. , Wright, P.M. Human Resource Management, Deriving a Competitive Advantage. Boston: McGraw Hill Companies Inc. , 2000. Piturro, M? Alternatives to Downsizing. ? Management Review ; New York 88 ( 1999 ) : 37-41 Rayburn, M. and Rayburn, G. ? Smart Alternatives to Downsizing. ? Competitive Reappraisals 9.2 ( 1999 ) : 49-57. Uchitelle, L A ; Kleinfeld, N? The Downsizing America. ? New York Times 116 pars. 3 Mar 1996. 13 Feb. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nytimes.com/specials/downsize/

Wool worth information free essay sample

A description of the core business of the company including full details of its operating activities. B. A discussion on any significant issues emerging from the Chairmans Report. C. A discussion on any significant issues emerging from the Managing Directors Report. D. A discussion on companys Corporate Governance Statement. E. A calculation of the key financial ratios for 2012. F. An overall assessment of the company and your recommendation on investing in the company. In making an overall assessment, you may conduct additional research on Woolworth too.For example, http://www. News. Com. AU/business/ Woolworth-betting-on-booze-profits-as-it-looks-to-expand-hotel-meme re/ story-frame 1 I- 1226223987450 Please note the following: Format: Business report Contribution to overall assessment: 20% Engel: 2000 2200 words Due date: 25 September, 201 3 Your work must comply with the University General Guide for the presentation of Academic Work. Http://www. Ballard. Due. AU/current- students/assistance, -support-and-services/ academic-support/ general-guide- for-the-presentation-of-academic-work This is a group-assignment.Each group needs to have 2 to 3 members in it. We will write a custom essay sample on Wool worth information or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Please organism yourselves into groups. Please make sure that names and ID numbers of all group members are stated on the cover sheet of your submission. As this is a group assignment, each member of a group is awarded the same mark. Working in groups has its pros and cons. I am sure that you will hold constructive and energetic group discussions on the issues at hand. In case of any disagreements, you will be able to resolve them in a democratic and rational way. There will be times when you may have to agree to disagree with each other.Invariably different group members bring different skills to a project; it is up to you to make the best of it. I believe one can learn a lot by discussing the issues with ones colleagues. If you happen to find your group members are not pulling their weight or there are problems with any members commitment, then please try to resolve those issues amongst yourselves. Open and honest communication always helps. If you are unable to resolve these issues, you are most alcove to see me and we will try to sort out the problems together.Do this as soon as possible and certainly before the due date. Please adapt this to suit your group, particularly the last two paragraphs. BUSHWHACK, Semester 2, 2013, Group Assignment Names: Student Numbers: Bases of assessment HAD p Technical component: accuracy in calculations. Format: The VICAR outline as per The General Guide for the Presentation of Academic Work. Content: Identification of relevant issues. Research: Selection of relevant material. A demonstration of critical evaluation of the issues.